Taking into account the current geopolitical and economic context, Euronext Securities Porto has decided to adjust the price list to be applied to the services provided to Financial Intermediaries and the Price List to be applied to the services provided to Issuers, in order to cope with the increase in costs caused by inflation which, according to the latest information from the Bank of Portugal and international organisations, is estimated to exceed 3.5% in 2024.

Therefore, as of 1 January 2024, the fees charged by Euronext Securities Porto will be updated by 2.7%, which is below the forecast inflation rate. Euronext Securities Porto will continue to internalise part of the increase in costs caused by the effect of inflationary pressure in Portugal.

It was also decided to change the following fees:

• the family discount is increased from 5% to 7.5% for a total annual volume of settlement instructions carried out in T2S exceeding 12 million. Euronext Securities Porto created, in July 202, a family discount with the aim of encouraging direct participation by financial intermediaries in the 4 CSDs of Euronext Group.
• the minimum maintenance is increased from €105,90 to 200,00€ per year. This fee is charged whenever the monthly maintenance fees do not fulfil the minimum annual maintenance fee established.
• with the aim of encouraging issuers of securities issued in certificates form to convert these securities into book-entry securities, the special management fee for certificates securities was increased from €0.26 to €0.325.

Euronext Securities Porto continues to invest in updating its technology and in the talent of its human resources to support the needs of its clients, as well as maintaining high levels of investment to cope with operational changes resulting from new regulations and European projects, particularly those led by the ECB, with an impact on Euronext Securities Porto’s activity.

350+ major US and European stocks are now available on Euronext’s retail-focused multilateral trading facility (MTF), the Euronext Global Equity Market, known as Euronext GEM.  

US and European stocks open for trading in Euros

In November 2023, Euronext enhanced the stock universe of its Euronext GEM market, which was previously run by Borsa Italiana and known as BIt GEM. Retail investors and brokers can now trade 230+ US stocks and 120+ stocks from Germany, Spain, Finland and Sweden. Trading is in Euros, and is supported by market makers to guarantee liquidity.  In addition, investors have the advantage of being able to trade these stocks after hours on the Trading After Hours (TAH) market..

How does an MTF work?

A multilateral trading facility, or MTF, provides trading services just like a regulated stock exchange, but the stocks are admitted to trading on the MTF without any capital-raising activity. Stocks available for trading on Euronext GEM, therefore, have their primary listing in the US, Sweden, or Spain, for example, but are easily available via the Euronext platform and can be traded in Euros.

Designed to support retail flow

Vincent Boquillon, head of equity trading at Euronext, explained that the platform is designed to capture retail flow. “Retail flow represents more than 50% of GEM volumes today, which is exactly how it should be: retail investors are essential to ensuring a healthy and diversified trading flow.”

Keeping costs down for private investors

Trading firms can buy or sell US and European stocks via their direct membership of Euronext GEM, instead of having to ask international brokers to trade these stocks on their behalf on NYSE, Nasdaq, or other US and European exchanges. Skipping one layer of intermediaries can mean lower execution costs for GEM members, which in turn can ultimately benefit end investors. Also, since private investors can trade US stocks in Euros via trading firms that are members of Euronext GEM, they can avoid the currency risk and the commissions related to USD-EUR conversion.

No additional connectivity or market data fees for banks and brokers

Vincent Boquillon expects more banks and brokers to join the growing community of 40+ international members that already trade the Euronext GEM multilateral order book. “Since Euronext GEM is already on the Optiq trading platform, members can use the same connectivity they already have in place for their equity trading on the Euronext markets, and there are no added charges for market data. GEM centralises our offering for trading non-Euronext shares, combining order flow and liquidity from across Euronext members.”

After-hours trading for Euronext GEM - and for Euronext’s most liquid shares

A big pull is that investors can trade US stocks before the US primary markets open, which is normally at 15:30 CET. It is also possible to continue to trade Euronext GEM stocks after the main trading session closes, through the Trading After Hours (TAH) market. This allows trading to continue until 20:30 CET, meaning a greater overlap with the US markets. In addition, the TAH session also now offers trading on over 200 of the most liquid stocks from the Euronext Regulated Markets in Belgium, France, Italy, the Netherlands and Portugal.

A smooth and efficient post-trade set-up

Trades on both the GEM and TAH markets are cleared and settled in Euros by Euronext Clearing and Euronext Securities Milan, keeping the whole trade life cycle simple and efficient. Already clearing the Italian markets, in November Euronext Clearing was expanded to become the default CCP for Euronext Cash Markets.

See more at Euronext Global Equity Market - GEM or contact the Euronext Equities Team at EquitiesTeam@euronext.com

Listing your company’s shares on the stock market is a great way to finance your growth. But first you have quite a few decisions to make. Is going public right for you? Where should you list? And when is the right time to do it? In this article, we look at the choices Danish cleantech WPU made, and how listing internationally has contributed to its success.

Taking your company public offers several advantages. It can be an effective way of increasing your company’s domestic and international profile. It can help you to raise the needed capital to achieve your company’s growth and strategic ambitions. And it can improve your ability to attract and retain top talents. To get the most out of these advantages, you need to choose the right stock market for your company. And that may not necessarily be the market in your home country. For example, over 200 of the companies listed on the Euronext stock exchange come from outside of its seven countries.

Why a Danish cleantech company listed on Euronext

One example of a company that decided to list outside of its home market is Waste Plastic Upcycling (WPU), which took the decision to list on Euronext Growth Oslo. Based in Denmark, WPU transforms waste plastic into plastic oils, which can be used to produce new plastic. The company had plans to build three production facilities with a total capacity to process 159,000 tonnes of plastic waste annually, and needed to raise capital to realise these ambitions.

For WPU, it was about finding the right market for its product and unique value proposition, as Klaus Lindblad, Global Head of IR and Board Member at WPU, explains.

We started off looking at the various venues in Denmark, Norway and Sweden, and it was quite clear that we weren’t ready at that time to list on a regulated market. We needed to go on a growth market.

The company chose Euronext Growth Oslo because of its strong green profile, inspired by peers that had already listed there. “At that time, there were several other upcycling companies on the market. Norway also has a very active energy market, so we felt we could reach investors interested in that sector,” he says. “It’s good for business to be amongst others with the same focus area and ambitions. We could also be closer to experts who knew how to use our product.”

How going public supported WPU’s growth ambitions

WPU needed capital to accelerate its growth and decided to list through a private placement, which was the best match for its objectives. “We looked at the IPO process and we opted for doing a private placement first because then we could be sure about the results. This option gave us a lot of certainty that we would be able to meet the thresholds and fulfil the conditions to raise the capital we needed.” WPU successfully raised €3 million through a private placement, and by the time of its admission to Euronext Growth Oslo had reached a market capitalisation of €74 million.

We were able to raise the funds we needed to fulfil our ambitions and the plan we had for that time, and then we could build on top of that foundation. 

Klaus Lindblad, Global Head of IR and Board Member at WPU

A crucial step on WPU’s growth journey

Almost 18 months after its initial listing, WPU is still benefitting from the decision to list on Euronext Growth Oslo.

“The interest we’ve seen after the listing has been – and still is – very impressive,” relates Klaus Lindblad.

Being a publicly traded company gets you respect and credibility from financial institutions and other parties, and we get a lot of attention from potential investors.

WPU has also been able to use its listing as an effective communications platform to raise awareness for the company’s unique upcycling process. “It can be a bit challenging to help people understand what we do. So, we use our news feeds and exchange notices as communication tools to help the public understand the role we play in waste recycling and sustainability. This has helped us to get a lot of international attention in media outlets from North America to Asia. I don’t think we could get the same level of interest from international news media if we were only a private company.”

Tip #1: Evaluate your company’s potential and readiness

When it comes to making the decision to go public, Klaus Lindblad says it all starts with scalability. “The first and most important step is to look at your business and your product and ask yourself if it can be scaled,” he says. “If you can answer ‘yes’ to that question, the next step is to speak with a wide range of financial and legal advisors.” And once the advisors get involved, companies should prepare themselves for, and indeed embrace, the accompanying scrutiny.

Tip #2: Use the listing as an opportunity to set out your strategy

While the workload involved in preparing the prospectus or information memorandum might seem daunting, in Klaus Lindblad’s experience, it’s time well spent. “It’s very important to have a good prospectus. During the first year after we had listed, we received quite a few questions from people about various developments. And each time, we could refer back to the information memorandum and show that we had disclosed this information. So, from the company’s perspective, it’s a good document that we could use in many different situations after the listing.”

Tip #3: Focus on the long-term perspectives

When the time comes for your company to go public, it's important not to focus solely on the issuing price. “There’s always a huge focus on the issuing price, and many might be disappointed when that price doesn’t meet their expectations. But they have to remember that the real value is created 12 months or more down the line. At that point in time, the company’s value may have doubled or tripled, and that’s far more interesting than the issuing price, in my opinion,” says Klaus Lindblad.

WPU benefitted from the stock market’s share price formation process to optimise and safeguard the fair value of the company. “In the period leading up to our private placement, we got a lot of attention from different parties wanting to invest in our company. Listing on an exchange is expensive, but it’s a very efficient way to get protection from these kinds of offers, because now the price level is set. If others want to join us on our journey, they’re welcome, but this is the price.”

Going public is just the starting point

After listing on Euronext Growth Oslo in 2022, WPU completed construction of its first waste upcycling facility in early 2023. In April, the company ran its first process cycle at the new facility, using its unique Batch Technology to produce high quality pyrolysis oil. The construction of two new commercial facilities is on track for 2024 as the company continues its growth journey.

Fact box #1: Choosing the right market

There is a market for every company’s profile and needs. While large established companies may choose to list on Euronext’s EU Regulated Markets in one or more of the seven Euronext listing venues, smaller companies can opt for Euronext Growth or Euronext Access, which offer lighter requirements and are especially designed to support ambitious start-ups and SMEs. Benefits can vary depending on the market or listing venue a company joins, such as peer group, inclusion in a specific national or sectorial index, investors or sectorial expertise. Whatever the path you choose, listing on a Euronext market will give you access to global capital markets to finance your growth ambitions

Learn more about how to go public and useful tips in the Euronext IPO Guide: 

Download the IPO Guide | Euronext

Fact box #2: Why companies choose Euronext as their international listing partner

As the number one venue for equity listing in Europe and debt listing worldwide, Euronext is a gateway for international companies to access European economies and global capital markets. Our listing venues in seven countries are connected to Europe’s largest liquidity pool through our single trading platform. We are home to almost 2,000 equity issuers who can access a pool of over 6,400 institutional investors from 75 countries.

Learn more about international listing on Euronext: 

International listings | Euronext.com

Discover the most important elements of an options contract: the option price, the strike price, the underlying asset, the contract size, and the expiry date (the point in time at which you can make use of your right to buy or sell the underlying asset). These are detailed in the option contract specifications. Once you learn these initial basics, you can move on to more detailed topics such as position management and valuation.

Standardisation

The options that are traded on the Euronext derivatives market meet certain standard conditions. The contract size, lifetime, expiration date and exercise price (or strike price) are standardised. The option premium is the only variable element. Option premiums are quoted as the amount payable for each unit of the underlying value.

The strike price or exercise price of an option

The exercise price, also known as “strike” or “strike price”, is the price at which the holder (i.e. buyer) of the option can buy or sell the underlying value when the option is exercised. The exercise price is stated as an amount payable for each unit of the underlying value. When Euronext announces the introduction of options with a new expiration month, it sets a number of different exercise prices which are close to the market price of the underlying value at that time. Euronext sets the interval between the exercise prices for each option class individually. In normal circumstances, once an option series has been listed by Euronext it will continue to be traded until the expiration date.

Maturity, an option's lifetime

The lifetime of an option is the maximum period during which the option represents a right. At the end of this period the right no longer exists and the option has no value. The lifetime of options traded on Euronext’s derivatives market varies from one month to five years.

The last day of trading in an option is the last day on which it is possible to trade in an expiring option series. Weekly options and even Daily options exist on the Euronext derivative markets. However, for most classes the last day of trading is the third Friday of the expiration month. If the markets are closed on the third Friday of the month, the last day of trading in the option series is the last day of trading before the third Friday. After trading has stopped in an expiring series, the right to buy or sell the underlying value can still be exercised until the cut-off time. Your broker may observe different cut-off times. Each broker is free to set a different, earlier cut-off time for submitting exercise instructions or orders for transactions in expiring series. The broker will pass on to the options clearing the exercise instructions received from its clients.

A right to buy or sell what? The Underlying asset

The financial instruments on which options are traded – the underlying values – are selected by Euronext. When selecting new option classes, Euronext gives preference to underlying values that are widely held and actively traded, particularly on official exchanges. Other criteria are also taken into account, such as availability of the underlying value, trading volumes and price volatility. Euronext notifies issuers of shares on which options will be introduced of the fact that they have been selected for this. In exceptional circumstances, Euronext may decide to remove an option class from listing.

Quantity of the underlying asset

Option premiums are quoted as the amount payable for each unit of the underlying value. The contract size is the quantity of the underlying value that corresponds to one option contract. The contract size is based on the trading unit and the pricing unit (is often 1). 

Delivering the product or cash?

After being exercised, options can be settled in two ways: by means of either physical delivery or cash settlement. In most cases, exercising an option results in the physical delivery of the underlying value. However, a number of Euronext options are settled in cash on the basis of the difference between the exercise price and the settlement price. The form of settlement used for each option class and, where applicable, the method used to calculate the settlement price is detailed in the contract specifications. Contract specifications for each option class are available on the Euronext website.

American or European style

There are two types of options: American style and European style. An American-style option can be exercised at any time during the option’s lifetime. A European-style option can only be exercised on the expiration date, although open positions in these options can be closed before expiration.

Currency of the option and underlying value

When Euronext selects a new option class, its first task is to establish which market is the main market for trading in the relevant underlying value. This is generally, though not necessarily, the home market, i.e. the market in the underlying value’s country of origin. The currency of the country of origin is usually the currency that is used at Euronext for quoting premiums for options on a particular underlying value.

Conclusion

What is an exchange and how can I invest on it?

Roland Prevot, Head of Retail Cash Equity at Euronext, explains what an exchange is, how to invest on-exchange and the advantages investing using the exchange brings, and why zero-commission investment is a myth.

Listen to the full interview. Watch the video.

What is an exchange?

An exchange is a marketplace where buyers and sellers come together to trade financial instruments.

Financial instruments include:

• Shares (a company’s capital)
• Bonds (a company’s debt)

There are also other products such as:

• Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs), which are index funds that can be used to track indices such as the CAC 40
• Leveraged products, for example derivatives like options, and structured products (including warrants and turbos).

What is Euronext?

Euronext is a global stock exchange. We operate regulated markets in Paris, Amsterdam, Brussels, Lisbon, Dublin, Oslo and Milan.

How to invest on the exchange?

Investing on the exchange is simple. To invest on the exchange you need to ask your bank or broker to open a trading account or a stock savings plan. They may have direct access to the exchange or they may ask an intermediary to execute your stock exchange order on Euronext.

What are the benefits of investing on an exchange?

Liquidity

One of the main advantages of investing on the exchange compared to other methods is that the exchange market has the most liquidity. This means that it has more market participants, increasing your chances of being able to trade at the best price. This liquidity contributes to the quality of the market. 

Best execution

With Euronext you can also benefit from our best execution solution, called Best of Book. Best execution means that Euronext is the trading venue where you will have the best execution price.

Our 'Best of Book' service, designed for retail investors, delivers a real advantage to individual investors, allowing them to secure a better price than even a dedicated finance professional could achieve. 

Investing with zero commission: myth or reality?

Zero commission means investing using brokers with no brokerage fees.

Roland Prevot says that zero commission is a myth if you are looking for good execution quality.

The broker that sends your order to the exchange will aim to secure the best execution for you, and there will be a charge for that. With a "zero-cost" solution, not having to pay brokerage fees seems like an advantage, but ultimately, what you don't pay in brokerage fees, you will end up paying in the execution price. 

Final advice

Roland Prevot believes it is important to choose your broker carefully. Instead of focusing on brokerage fees, look at the terms offered by your broker before opening an account.